Cancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place.
Cancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues.
Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and divide to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place.
Few categories of cancers that begin in specific types of cells:
Carcinomas are the most common type of cancer. They are formed by epithelial cells, which are the cells that cover the inside and outside surfaces of the body.
Sarcomas are cancers that form in bone and soft tissues, including muscle, fat, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and fibrous tissue (such as tendons and ligaments).
Cancers that begin in the blood-forming tissue of the bone marrow are called leukemias. These cancers do not form solid tumors.
Lymphoma is cancer that begins in lymphocytes (T cells or B cells). These are disease-fighting white blood cells that are part of the immune system. In lymphoma, abnormal lymphocytes build up in lymph nodes and lymph vessels, as well as in other organs of the body.
Surgery: Surgically removes as much of the cancer as possible.
Chemotherapy: Uses medications that are toxic to cells to kill rapidly-dividing cancer cells.
Radiation Therapy: Uses powerful, focused beams of radiation inside (brachytherapy) or outside (external beam radiation) your body to kill cancer cells.
Stem Cell (Bone Marrow) Transplant: Repairs diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can have a variety of functions. These transplants allow doctors to use higher doses of chemotherapy to treat the cancer.
Immunotherapy (Biological Therapy): Uses antibodies to help your body’s immune system recognize cancer so it can fight it off.
Hormone Therapy: Removes or blocks hormones that fuel certain cancers to stop cancer cells from growing.
Clinical Trials: Investigates new ways to treat cancer.
Targeted Drug Therapy: Uses drugs to interfere with certain molecules that help cancer cells grow and survive. This is the most extensively used mode of treatment.
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